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White band disease
White band disease is a coral disease that affects acroporid corals and is distinguishable by the white band of dead coral tissue that it forms.〔(【引用サイトリンク】first=W. B. )〕 The disease completely destroys the coral tissue of Caribbean acroporid corals, specifically elkhorn coral (''Acropora palmata'') and staghorn coral (''A. cervicornis'').〔 The disease exhibits a pronounced division between the remaining coral tissue and the exposed coral skeleton. These symptoms are similar to white plague, except that white band disease is only found on acroporid corals, and white plague has not been found on any acroporid corals.〔(【引用サイトリンク】first=Bernardo, and Benjamin )〕 It is part of a class of similar disease known as "white syndromes," many of which may be linked to species of ''Vibrio'' bacteria. While the pathogen for this disease has not been identified, ''Vibrio carchariae'' may be one of its factors. The degradation of coral tissue usually begins at the base of the coral, working its way up to the branch tips, but it can begin in the middle of a branch.〔
==Appearance==
White band disease causes the affected coral tissue to decorticate off the skeleton in a white uniform band for which the disease was given its name.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.coris.noaa.gov/about/diseases/ )〕 The band, which can range from a few millimeters to 10 centimeters wide, typically works its way from the base of the coral colony up to the coral branch tips. The band progresses up the coral branch at an approximate rate of 5 millimeters per day, causing tissue loss as it works its way to the branch tips.〔 After the tissue is lost, the bare skeleton of the coral may later by colonized by filamentous algae.
There are two variants of white band disease, type I and type II.〔 In Type I of white band disease, the tissue remaining on the coral branch shows no sign of coral bleaching, although the affected colony may appear lighter in color overall.〔 However, a variant of white band disease, known simply as white band disease Type II, which was found on Staghorn colonies near the Bahamas, does produce a margin of bleached tissue before it is lost.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Type II White-Band Disease )〕 Type II of white band disease can be mistaken for coral bleaching.〔 By examining the remaining living coral tissue for bleaching, one can delineate which type of the disease affects a given coral.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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